Journals Management
Fatemeh Makizadeh; Fatemeh Zare Dehabadi
Abstract
Purpose: Peer review means the process of checking the work done by referee to ensure that the work meets certain criteria. This study, with a brief description of the performance, history, scope of peer review, seeks to clarify the complex social interactions of individuals directly and indirectly ...
Read More
Purpose: Peer review means the process of checking the work done by referee to ensure that the work meets certain criteria. This study, with a brief description of the performance, history, scope of peer review, seeks to clarify the complex social interactions of individuals directly and indirectly involved in peer review by introducing a variety of bias studies.Methodology: The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and its content is collected through review of resources.Findings: Despite its importance to the scientific community, it is often criticized for its shortcomings. Bias is one of the shortcomings that is known about peer review. Issues such as author nationality, nationality of reviewers, publishing, interdisciplinary research, gender, organizational affiliation, author-referee dependency, etc. are effective in evaluating peer reviewers, which has produced different types of bias in peer review. Experimental findings do not provide an accurate picture of this subject.Conclusion: In the ideal world, reconciliation must be independent of the social identity of the writers and referees and the theoretical cognitive bias of the referees; and the writings must be based on originality, innovation, and impact. Because of the subjective nature of the existing peer review system, it cannot be expected that the peer review system has a high level of objectivity and will act without bias and divergence of tastes related to the cultural identities, social interests and professional and intellectual expectations of the judges. Although it is not entirely possible to eliminate bias in arbitration, understanding the types of bias involved in this practice may help to reduce bias by the referee and increase the accuracy of the match. Scientific review and empirical research in evaluating the peer review, providing ethical standards for authors, referees and editors, and peer reviewers training can be ways to improve the peer review system.
